Maintenance is often overlooked when it comes to your home’s heating and cooling system, and ductless heat pumps (aka, mini splits) are no exception. Neglecting maintenance can lead to decreased efficiency, which can mean higher energy bills and costly repairs down the line. However, by monitoring your equipment’s performance and performing an annual or biannual inspection, you can keep your ductless heat pump running smoothly for years to come.

About ductless heat pumps

Ductless heat pumps are mainly used to heat and cool rooms or entire homes without ductwork. They consist of an outdoor unit and a head unit, or multiple head units, mounted to an interior wall or ceiling. If you have a ducted heat pump (aka, air source, water source or geothermal), check out our other article on how to maintain a ducted heat pump.

But first, safety

Before beginning any maintenance tasks for your ductless heat pump, it’s crucial to prioritize safety. While these DIY tips are simple, they do involve working near electrical components. Please remember to turn off the power to your ductless heat pump before beginning. Be sure to wear gloves and safety goggles to protect yourself from debris and any chemicals you may use. If you need a ladder to access your indoor or outdoor unit, ensure the ladder is in good condition and placed on a level surface. Read the OSHA fact sheet on ladder safety or any instructions or warnings included with your ladder.

While working on the unit, beware of moving parts such as fans and motors, and avoid placing your hand or tools near these components while the unit is in operation. Prioritizing the recommended safety precautions will minimize the risk of accidents and ensure a smooth and successful maintenance process.

Tools

Now, let’s go over the tools you’ll need to maintain your ductless heat pump:

• Soft brush or vacuum cleaner with a brush attachment
• Microfiber cloth or sponge
• Gloves and safety goggles
• Ladder (if necessary)
• Specialized coil cleaner (you can find this at any home improvement retailer or order online) and/or a hose

Tools

Now, let’s go over the tools you’ll need to maintain your ductless heat pump:

• Soft brush or vacuum cleaner with a brush attachment
• Microfiber cloth or sponge
• Gloves and safety goggles
• Ladder (if necessary)
• Specialized coil cleaner (you can find this at any home improvement retailer or order online) and/or a hose

Hit the power switch

Begin by turning off the power to your ductless heat pump. This can typically be done by switching off the unit at your circuit breaker. If you are unsure how to power off your ductless heat pump, you can consult a certified electrician. Double-check that the power is off before proceeding to avoid the risk of electric shock. Now you are ready to begin.

Clean the indoor unit

• Locate the air filters.
• Remove the filters and inspect them for dirt and debris. If they’re dirty, gently clean them with a soft brush or vacuum cleaner. For stubborn dirt, you can wash them with mild detergent and water, then let them air dry completely before reinstalling.
• Use a soft brush or vacuum cleaner to remove dust and debris from the indoor unit’s coils and fan. Be gentle to avoid damaging delicate components.
• Wipe down the unit’s exterior with a microfiber cloth or sponge dampened with water or a mild detergent solution to remove any remaining dirt or grime.

Clean the outdoor unit

• Carefully remove any debris such as leaves, twigs or grass clippings from the outdoor unit’s exterior.
• Use a hose to gently rinse off dirt and dust from the unit’s coils. Avoid using high-pressure water, as it can damage the coils. Use specialized coil cleaner if necessary.

Check the outdoor unit for leaks

• Inspect the refrigerant lines for any signs of leaks, such as oil spots or hissing sounds. If you notice any leaks, it’s essential to contact a professional for repairs.
• Check the insulation around the refrigerant lines and replace any damaged or deteriorated insulation to ensure optimal efficiency.

Clean the outdoor unit’s drainage system

• Check the drainage system for any clogs or obstructions. The drainage system is commonly hidden for aesthetic purposes and may be located under a plastic cover.
• Clear away any debris from the drain pan and condensate line to prevent water damage and mold growth.

While DIY maintenance can help keep your ductless heat pump in good condition, remember that some tasks are best left to professionals.

If you encounter any issues beyond your expertise or if your unit requires major repairs, don’t hesitate to contact a professional. Use our Find a Contractor tool and type “ductless heat pump” into the search bar to find a qualified HVAC technician. By combining DIY maintenance with professional servicing, you can ensure your ductless heat pump operates efficiently and effectively.